This research thrust focuses on developing and applying cutting-edge technology for investigating, monitoring and diagnosing human health. This includes creating novel and wearable biosensors for real-time collection and processing of physiological data, as well as advancing medical imaging techniques to provide a higher resolution, non-invasive views of human tissues and organs in health and disease. The technological integration of biosignal sensing and processing, leveraging algorithms and artificial intelligence for sophisticated signal and image generation and denoising, enables the creation of novel medical devices and instrumentation, ranging from point-of-care tools to complex multimodal instruments. This interdisciplinary area aims to translate engineering principles into innovations that significantly advance biomedical research and clinical outcomes.